Camp Mourmelon (Tent City)

February 28 - April 3, 1945

Credit

A lot of gratitude towards WW2 D Battery Mr. Ken HESLER for research and writing.

History

The duration of the Alsace campaign for the 463rd Parachute Field Artillery Battalion was two days short of a month, from January 27 to February 25, 1945. It was relieved by artillery of the 36th Division at 8 p.m. on that final day, firing the last of 11 missions at 5:20 p.m.

On February 27, most of the battalion boarded 40-and-8 boxcars at a station near Sarrebourg, France, for Mourmelon-le-Petit. A second group of 463rd personnel returned to Mourmelon by truck with the battalion’s equipment. Compared with earlier truck travel to and from Bastogne, the 18-hour train trip to Mourmelon was “first class.”

As spelled out in “Rendezvous With Destiny” (pp. 695-696), "The 101st had heard while still in Alsace that the buildings at Mourmelon in which they had lived before going up to Bastogne had been taken over by some army hospitals, and word had got out that this time it was to be pyramidal tents."

"When the 40-and-8s pulled into the station at Mourmelon-le-Petit the passengers were driven to their new homes which each unit's advance detail had got into shape a few days before. Their first days were given over to making these tents comfortable..."

"Usually six or eight men occupied a tent (though there were some 12-men tents); officers had their own tent rows with two officers to a small wall tent. Latrines were pit-style, surrounded by canvas walls. Water was hauled in and was available in Lyster bags. Washing was done in helmets."

"Two shower units served the entire Division and companies went up on schedule. Messes were set up in tents and most units built tables and benches; the chow was generally considered good and the PX ration with which it could be supplemented was somewhat larger than it had been in the combat zones."

Life immediately following the arrival in Tent City was not too demanding, with a high priority given to sleep and getting acquainted with the local neighborhoods. However, from the very beginning, a Division requirement was that the sides of the tents had to be rolled up early each day to complicate “sleeping in.” In a similar vein, the 463rd soldiers were out shirtless daily before breakfast for calisthenics amidst the remaining patches of snow.

Two major events occurred for the battalion during the first two weeks. The 463rd had gone to Bastogne and Alsace as “attached” to the 101st after having come up from Southern France slated for the 17th Airborne Division. In February, orders came down for it to leave the Screaming Eagles and join the 17th, presumably as the latter was preparing for Operation Varsity, an airborne action across the Rhine into Germany.

However, Gen. Maxwell Taylor, commander of the 101st, reacted to those orders, insisting that the 463rd remain with the 101st. On March 1, 1945, the battalion was reactivated as a full-fledged unit of the Division.

Then, as set forth in “Rendezvous With Destiny,” the Division soon began to settle down “to preparing for two things--further combat and the ceremony at which General Eisenhower was to present the Division with the Presidential Unit Citation.

“Notifications that the 101st was to be awarded the Distinguished Unit Citation, the first time in the history of the United States Army that an entire division was to be so cited, had been received in Alsace and a little marching-to-music had begun there. But it was upon return to Mourmelon and after the initial rest period that the practice for the parade and decoration ceremony went into high gear.

“There was a great to-do and a washing of cartridge belts, pressing of uniforms, issuing of ribbons and insignia, linseed-oiling of stocks, and mirror-shining of boots. It was the 101st's most sweated-out ceremony (except for those members [including 463rd] who remained long enough to come back with the 82d Airborne Division; they spent ten days in Camp Shanks, New York, preparing for the biggest parade of the war, that of January 12, 1946, when the 82d marched down Fifth Avenue, New York City).”

The presentation took place Thursday, March 15, preceded by a full-fledged Division rehearsal several days earlier on a field near the main camp.” (Note Gen. Eisenhower’s presentation speech elsewhere on the page.)

According to "Rendezvous With Destiny", P. 702), "There were more furloughs, leaves and passes than the Division had ever known; to England, the Riviera, Paris and Brussels. At the camp were several movie theaters for those who cared to sweat out the long lines. A number of Camp Shows performed for the Division and - some big-name performers such as Marlene Dietrich. There were evening passes to Reims..."

There was even a number of Screaming Eagles who, because of their length of overseas service, were awarded in mid-March a 30-day temporary duty assignment via Le Havre, France, for return to the United States.

But behind all of the activities lay the thought and preparation for of what was to follow the Tent City episode.

Training preceded and followed the month's highlight of the review and presentation. An increasingly large percentage of the men had seen no combat or only that of Alsace. Hikes, range firing, basic subjects, and problems were on the training schedule as well as the specialized work on dummy troop-carrier-plane mockups and gliders.

"The Division set up its own parachute training course to qualify non-jumping members of the Division as jumpers (the class made its qualifying jump the day the Division received notice of its Ruhr mission), and during the month glider flights were flown to qualify as gliderists the infantry replacements received after Bastogne. Units such as the engineers, medics, and ordnance followed out their own specialized schedules of training." ("Rendezvous With Destiny", P. 699)

Along with the training, there were reminders of possible future combat all around-talk of General Taylor having volunteered the Division for a parachute jump into Berlin, and, on March 24, a massive formation of transport planes overhead preparing to cross the Rhine River to drop the 17th Airborne Division into Germany.

“March ended. The first promise of spring was in the air. April began. And again the 101st was alerted for a combat mission. This time it was to be Germany, the Ruhr Pocket." ("Rendezvous With Destiny", P. 702)

For the 463rd, that trek began at 2 p.m. April 3, 1945, as it departed Camp Mourmelon by convoy for Neuss, Germany, in support of the 327th Glider Infantry Regiment.

 March 1        |         Truck        |         Mourmelon, France

101st Division presented the Distinguished Unit Citation on March 15.

 April 2        |         Truck        |         Souais, France

Moves:

   Truck     Masagren (Mazagran), France

   Truck     Vouziers, France

   Truck     Sedan, France

   Truck     Bouillon, Belgium

   Truck     Marche, Belgium

   Truck     Liege, Belgium

   Truck     Aachen, Germany

   Truck     Linniel (Linnich), Germany*

   Truck     Erkelenz, Germany

Images

During a USO Tour in March 1945, Marlene Dietrich spent some time at Mourmelon, France
with the 101st and the 17th Airborne Divisions.
 

She was accompanied by actress Lynn Mayberry and these images show them using a M3A4 Hand Cart to move their personal clothing.
Ms Mayberry is wearing a Arctic Field Jacket,  while Marlene Dietrich sports an A2 Flying Jacket!

A Sgt from the 17th AB Div seems to be having the time of his life.....

(Courtesy: Mr. Johan Willaert - The Liberator Website)

The Presidential Unit Citation

General Dwight D. Eisenhower awarded the Presidential Unit Citation to the members of the 101st Airborne Division at Mourmelon, France, March 15, 1945, for its defense of Bastogne, Belgium, during the Battle of the Bulge.

His speech to the 101st:

The Citation Ribbon

Images of the Presidential Unit Citation Ceremony (March 15, 1945)

Passing Parade.

Original Press Clipping

(Courtesy Mrs. Sue Whittaker)